Oracle Spatial User's Guide and Reference -- Contents

Audience

Organization

Changes for Release 8.1.7

Features Released Separately

Related Documents

Conventions

1.1 What Is Oracle Spatial?

1.2 Object-Relational and Relational Models

1.2.1 Benefits of the Object-Relational Model

1.2.2 Benefits of the Relational Model

1.3 Introduction to Spatial Data

1.4 Geometric Types for Relational and Object-Relational Models

1.7 Indexing of Spatial Data

1.7.1 R-tree Indexing

1.7.1.1 Before Creating an R-tree Index

1.7.2 Quadtree Indexing

1.7.2.1 Tessellation of a Layer During Indexing

1.7.2.2 Fixed Indexing

1.7.2.3 Hybrid Indexing

1.8 Spatial Relations and Filtering

1.9 Partitioned Point Data

1.10 Examples

2.1 Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing, and Querying Spatial Data

2.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type

2.2.6 Usage Considerations

2.3 Geometry Examples Using the Object-Relational Model

2.3.1 Rectangle

2.3.2 Polygon with a Hole

2.3.3 Compound Element

2.3.4 Compound Polygon

2.4 Geometry Metadata Structure

2.5 Spatial Index-Related Structure

2.5.1 Spatial Index Views

2.5.2 Spatial Index Table Definition

2.5.3 R-Tree Index Sequence Object

3.1 Load Process

3.1.1 Bulk Loading

3.1.1.1 Bulk Loading the SDO_GEOMETRY Object

3.1.1.2 Bulk Loading Point-Only Data in the SDO_GEOMETRY Object

3.1.2 Transactional Insert Using SQL

3.1.2.1 Polygon with Hole

3.1.2.2 Compound Line String

3.1.2.3 Compound Polygon

3.1.2.4 Compound Polygon with Holes

3.1.2.5 Transactional Insert of Point-Only Data

3.2 Index Creation

3.2.1 Determining Index Creation Behavior (Quadtree Indexes)

3.2.2 Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size Tiles (Quadtree Indexes)

3.2.3 Hybrid Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size and Variable-Sized Tiles

3.2.4 R-tree Index Parameter Considerations

3.2.4.1 SDO_FANOUT

3.2.4.2 SDO_RTR_PCTFREE

3.2.5 Cross-Schema Index Creation

4.1 Query Model

4.2 Spatial Query

4.2.1 Primary Filter

4.2.2 Primary and Secondary Filters

4.2.3 Within-Distance Operator

4.2.4 Nearest Neighbor Operator

4.3 Spatial Join

4.4 Cross-Schema Operator Invocation

ALTER INDEX

ALTER INDEX REBUILD

ALTER INDEX RENAME TO

SDO_GEOM.SDO_CENTROID

SDO_GEOM.SDO_CONVEXHULL

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION

SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH

SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE

SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION

SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER

SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE

SDO_CS.TRANSFORM

SDO_CS.TRANSFORM_LAYER

SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS

SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_DIM_ARRAY

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_LAYER

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_DIM_ARRAY

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_GEOM

SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_LAYER

SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.FIND_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT

SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED

SDO_LRS.LOCATE_PT

SDO_LRS.MEASURE_RANGE

SDO_LRS.MEASURE_TO_PERCENTAGE

SDO_LRS.PERCENTAGE_TO_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.PROJECT_PT

SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.SCALE_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE

SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT

SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT

SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE

SDO_MIGRATE.FROM_815_TO_81X

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_734

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_81X

SDO_MIGRATE.OGIS_METADATA_FROM

SDO_MIGRATE.OGIS_METADATA_TO

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_INDEX_PERFORMANCE

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_LEVEL

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_TIME

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TOTAL_NUMTILES

SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF

SDO_TUNE.HISTOGRAM_ANALYSIS

SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO

12.1 Database Structures for the Relational Implementation

13.1 Load Model

13.2 Load Process

13.2.1 Bulk Loading

13.2.2 Transactional Insert Using SQL

13.3 Index Creation

13.3.1 Choosing a Tessellation Algorithm

13.3.2 Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size Tiles

13.3.3 Hybrid Spatial Indexing with Fixed-Size and Variable-Sized Tiles

14.1 Query Model

14.2 Spatial Index Data Structures

14.3 Spatial Query

14.3.1 Dynamic Query Window

14.3.2 Primary Filter Query

14.3.3 Secondary Filter Query

14.4 Spatial Join

SDO_ADMIN.POPULATE_INDEX

SDO_ADMIN.POPULATE_INDEX_FIXED

SDO_ADMIN.POPULATE_INDEX_FIXED_POINTS

SDO_ADMIN.SDO_CODE_SIZE

SDO_ADMIN.SDO_VERSION

SDO_ADMIN.UPDATE_INDEX

SDO_ADMIN.UPDATE_INDEX_FIXED

SDO_ADMIN.VERIFY_LAYER

SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_INDEX_PERFORMANCE

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_LEVEL

SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_TILING_TIME

SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF

SDO_TUNE.HISTOGRAM_ANALYSIS

SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO

SDO_GEOM.RELATE

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER

SDO_WINDOW.BUILD_WINDOW

SDO_WINDOW.BUILD_WINDOW_FIXED

SDO_WINDOW.CLEAN_WINDOW

SDO_WINDOW.CLEANUP_GID

SDO_WINDOW.CREATE_WINDOW_LAYER

A.1 Tuning Tips

A.1.1 Data Modeling

A.1.2 Understanding the Tiling Level

A.1.3 Using Hybrid Indexes (Object-Relational Model Only)

A.1.4 Database Sizing

A.1.5 Visualizing the Spatial Index (Drawing Tiles)

A.1.5.1 Drawing Tiles from the Object-Relational Model

A.1.5.2 Drawing Tiles from the Relational Model

A.1.6 Setting the SORT_AREA_SIZE Value

A.1.7 Tuning Point Data with the Relational Model

A.1.7.1 Efficient Queries for Relational Point Data

A.1.7.2 Efficient Schema for Relational Point Layers

A.1.7.3 Script for Using Table Partitioning with Relational Point Data

A.1.8 Tuning Spatial Join Queries Using the Relational Model

A.1.8.1 Using the NO_MERGE, INDEX, and USE_NL Hints

A.1.8.2 Spatial Join Queries with Point Layers

A.1.9 Using Customized Geometry Types in the Relational Model

A.1.10 Partitioning Spatial Data Using the Relational Model

A.1.11 Parallel Loading and Indexing of Spatial Data Using the Relational Model

A.2 Scripts for Spatial Indexing Using the Relational Model

A.2.1 cr_spatial_index.sql Script

A.2.2 crlayer.sql Script

A.3 Tools and Related Products

A.3.1 Oracle interMedia Locator

A.3.1.1 Geocoding Support

A.3.1.2 Compatibility with Spatial Objects

A.3.1.3 Sample interMedia Locator Code

A.3.2 Spatial Viewer on UNIX/Motif for Relational Model

A.3.2.1 Installation and Setup

A.3.2.2 Connecting to a Database and Viewing Geometries

A.3.2.3 Using the Sample Viewer

A.3.3 Spatial Visualizer on Windows NT for the Object-Relational Model

A.3.3.1 Compiling and Running the Sample Program

A.3.3.2 Usage Notes

B.1 Introduction

B.2 Installation Details

B.2.1 Changing from 8.1 to 8.0 Compatibility Mode

B.3 Compatibility Details

B.4 Data Migration Issues

B.5 Migrating from Spatial Release 8.1.5 or 8.1.6 to Release 8.1.7

B.5.1 Migrating from Spatial Release 8.1.5 to Release 8.1.6

B.5.1.1 Data Migration to Release 8.1.6

B.5.1.2 Compatibility Between Releases 8.1.5 and 8.1.6

B.5.2 Migrating from Spatial Release 8.1.6 to Release 8.1.7

C.1 Locator Implementation: Benefits and Limitations

C.2 Generic Geocoding Client

C.3 Geocoder Metadata

C.3.1 Server Properties

C.3.2 Geocoding Input and Output Specification

C.3.2.1 Multiple Matches and Rejected Records

C.4 Metadata Helper Class

C.5 Single-Record and Interactive Geocoding

C.6 Java Geocoder Service Interface

C.7 Enabling Third-Party Geocoders

D.1 Why Integrate Coordinate System Information?

D.2 Terms and Concepts

D.2.1 Coordinate System (Spatial Reference System)

D.2.2 Cartesian Coordinates

D.2.3 Geodetic Coordinates (Geographic Coordinates)

D.2.4 Projected Coordinates

D.2.5 Geodetic Datum

D.2.6 Authalic Sphere

D.2.7 Transformation (Datum Transformation)

D.3 Coordinate Systems Data Structures

D.3.1 MDSYS.CS_SRS Table

D.3.1.1 Well-Known Text (WKTEXT)

D.3.2 Other Objects

D.4 Coordinate Systems Functions and Procedures

D.5 Restrictions and Problems in the Current Release

D.5.1 Geometries with Longitude and Latitude Coordinates

D.6 Example of Coordinate Systems

D.7 Error Messages for Coordinate Systems

E.1 Terms and Concepts

E.1.1 Geometric Segments (LRS Segments)

E.1.2 Shape Points

E.1.3 Direction of a Geometric Segment

E.1.4 Measure (Linear Measure)

E.1.5 Offset

E.1.6 Measure Populating

E.1.7 Measure Range of a Geometric Segment

E.1.8 Projection

E.1.9 LRS Point

E.1.10 Linear Features

E.2 LRS Data Model

E.3 Indexing of LRS Data

E.4 LRS Operations

E.4.1 Defining a Geometric Segment

E.4.2 Redefining a Geometric Segment

E.4.3 Clipping a Geometric Segment

E.4.4 Splitting a Geometric Segment

E.4.5 Concatenating Two Connected Geometric Segments

E.4.6 Scaling a Geometric Segment

E.4.7 Locating a Point on a Geometric Segment

E.4.8 Projecting a Point onto a Geometric Segment

E.4.9 Converting Geometric Segments

E.5 Example

E.6 Error Messages for Linear Referencing System

Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Send Us Your Comments

Preface

1 Spatial Concepts

Part I Object-Relational Model

2 The Object-Relational Schema

3 Loading and Indexing Spatial Object Types

4 Querying Spatial Data

5 Indexing Statements

6 Spatial Operators

7 Geometry Functions

8 Coordinate System Functions

9 Linear Referencing Functions

10 Migration Procedures

11 Tuning Functions and Procedures

Part II Relational Model

12 The Relational Schema

13 Loading Spatial Data (Relational Model)

14 Querying Spatial Data (Relational Model)

15 Administrative Functions and Procedures for Relational Model

16 Tuning Functions and Procedures for Relational Model

17 Geometry Functions and Procedures for Relational Model

18 Window Functions and Procedures for Relational Model

A Tuning Tips and Sample SQL Scripts

B Installation, Compatibility, and Migration Issues

C Generic Geocoding Interface

D Coordinate Systems (Spatial Reference Systems)

E Linear Referencing System

Glossary